Threatening diseases like stroke and heart attack. If you have high blood pressure you are at risk of developing life Stage 2 hypertension is considered 140/90 mm Hg. The American Academy of Cardiology defines high blood pressure slightlyĭifferently.

If either one of those numbers is higher, you have high The guidelines now state that blood normal blood The American College of Cardiology released new guidelines for Systolic and diastolic are the two readings in which blood pressure is People do not know that they have high blood pressure because it often has no Hypertension (1 in 3 adults), and only half of them are able to manage it. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a disease in which pressure within theĪrteries of the body is elevated. Low muscle mass such as in the elderly and infant.Low creatinine levels indicate and may be caused by the following: Kidney infections, rhabdomyolysis (abnormal muscle breakdown), and urinary tract obstruction may also elevate creatinine levels.Serum creatinine can also transiently increase after ingestion of a large amount of dietary meat thus, nutrition can sometimes play a role in creatinine measurement.Certain drugs (for example, cimetidine and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole ) can sometimes cause abnormally elevated creatinine levels.Other causes of elevated blood creatinine levels are: The most common causes of longstanding (chronic) kidney disease in adults are: Recent elevations may be more easily treated and reversed. It is important to recognize whether the process leading to kidney dysfunction ( kidney failure, azotemia) is longstanding or recent. What causes high and low creatinine blood test levels?Īny condition that impairs the function of the kidneys is likely to raise the creatinine level in the blood. SLIDESHOW Kidney Stones: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment See Slideshow The BUN-to-creatinine ratio generally provides more precise information about kidney function and its possible underlying cause compared with creatinine level alone. Urea is a metabolic byproduct that can also build up if kidney function is impaired. The creatinine levels in both urine and blood are determined and compared.īlood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine clearance can also be more directly measured by collecting a 24-hour urine sample and drawing a blood sample.The formula is 140 minus the patient's age in years times their weight in kilograms (times 0.85 for women), divided by 72 times the serum creatinine level in mg/dL. It can be calculated (estimated) by a formula using serum (blood) creatinine level, patient's weight, and age.The creatinine clearance can be measured in two ways: This is called creatinine clearance and estimates the filtration rate by kidneys (glomerular filtration rate, or GFR). A more precise measure of kidney function can be estimated by calculating how much creatinine is cleared from the body by the kidneys. Several important key messages emerged from this study, as follows: serum creatinine-based eGFR formulae significantly underestimate mGFR in Africans serum creatinine, although affordable and often accessible, is a suboptimal biomarker of kidney function cystatin C-based eGFR formulae might be superior in sub-Saharan Africa and cystatin C is too expensive for routine practice in sub-Saharan Africa.The amount of creatinine itself can be measured in the blood or the urine.

Consequently, the African burden of kidney disease remains largely unknown. However, new eGFR equations derived from the study cohort were not better in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy compared with creatinine-based eGFR equations, especially in patients with more advanced CKD, therefore the study could not present new solutions. This study is timely, as African practitioners were starting to use the so-called race-neutral CKD-EPI 2021 formula without knowing that it does not entirely overcome the shortcomings of previous formulae. The study supports that widely used eGFR equations significantly underestimate the prevalence of CKD in the sub-Saharan African population, even more so when ethnicity coefficients were used. Major strengths of this study include its size, multicentre nature, local sample analyses, complex statistical and computational analysis, and that it was conducted by Africans for Africans, with expert international collaborators. The investigators compared the accuracy of ten eGFR formulae, based on serum creatinine and cystatin C, with measured GFR (mGFR) using iohexol clearance, in 2578 adults from Malawi, Uganda, and South Africa. Which aimed to evaluate the most reliable method to estimate kidney function in sub-Saharan Africa, as a prerequisite to determining the true burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Africa.

Gfr normal range